Aug 22, 2009

Unshakable Faith: Survivors of the Mumbai Terrorist Attacks

The Mumbai terrorist attacks killed two pilgrims from Virginia, but not their companions' belief that everything, and everyone, is connected

By April Witt
Sunday, August 23, 2009

Naomi bent over the exotic, blood-red flower blossoms that flourished in the ashram garden and breathed in. It was a delicious moment of perfect peace: Naomi Scherr, just 13 years old, her shoulder-length strawberry-hued hair damp from the Indian heat, her face full of wonder at the beauty of a world she was just discovering. It was the afternoon of Wednesday, Nov. 26, 2008.

Lingering in a sacred garden on the outskirts of the busy Indian port city of Mumbai was just one more blissful interlude on the 10th day of what had been a joyous spiritual journey for Naomi, her father, Alan Scherr, 58, and 23 fellow pilgrims with an international meditation group based in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. Inside the ashram, young monks chanted hauntingly beautiful prayers in Sanskrit for the spiritual tour group from the Synchronicity Foundation. "It was heaven," recalled Helen Connolly, a yoga teacher from Toronto who was Naomi's roommate on the trip. Afterward, as their giant tour bus threaded past the tiny motorcycle taxis called tuk-tuks that clog Mumbai's streets, Helen had the dreamy sense of being inside an orca as it swam through schools of minnows.

Later that evening, in a rented hall in downtown Mumbai, the pilgrims sat meditating with the America guru who had led them to India: Master Charles Cannon. Indian locals wandered in to join them and greet the visiting guru, a trim, quietly charismatic 63-year-old mystic with a down-to-earth manner. Master Charles teaches a holistic view of the universe in which everyone and everything -- sunlight and shadow -- are one unified consciousness; and in which the events of this world, whatever they may be, are somehow meant to be. As Master Charles brought this night's session to a close, pilgrims and locals spilled onto the dark streets, still relishing the blissed-out, almost opiated state that some longtime meditation practitioners achieve. Master Charles, however, sensed shadow. As the guru and his followers made their own way back to their five-star hotel, the Oberoi, Master Charles had the incongruous sense that something was about to happen. Be alert, he thought: Ah, it's very close.

Four days earlier, on the morning of Saturday, Nov. 22, a small boat launched from the Pakistani coastal city of Karachi. Its passengers were 10 young men who had spent months training for this moment. Each carried a large rucksack stocked with Kalashnikov ammunition, two 9mm pistols, hand grenades, an Improvised Explosive Device and a cellphone. The young men, terrorists recruited from across Pakistan, journeyed into the Arabian Sea. They were headed more than 500 nautical miles south -- to Mumbai.

Soon after embarking from Karachi, these men schooled as jihadists, holy warriors for Islam, shifted to a larger boat as prearranged, according to a dossier Indian officials later compiled detailing the terrorists' movements. One of them told authorities that the larger boat belonged to a commander of Lashkar-i-Taiba, a militant Islamic group that has been fighting Indian rule in the heavily Muslim border region of Kashmir.

The following afternoon, the jihadists' vessel came alongside an Indian fishing boat carrying a crew of five. The jihadists boarded the fishing boat and killed four of the fisherman. They kept the captain alive to help navigate the remaining three days of their journey.

On the afternoon of Nov. 26 -- the same afternoon that Naomi and her fellow pilgrims were admiring flowers in an ashram garden -- the jihadists set anchor four nautical miles off Mumbai. Then they waited and made final preparations for the night ahead.

What lay ahead was terror and slaughter across Mumbai -- three days that came to be known as India's 9/11. What lay ahead in one tiny corner of the city was a strangely synchronistic meeting of the yin and yang: American mystics who believe they are one with the universe encountering terrorists with guns in hand. What lay ahead, Master Charles would come to say as survivors struggled to understand and heal, was the eternal oscillation of sunlight and shadow, "the experience whose time has come, the happening of the happening."

'MAXIMUM DAMAGE'

As soon as it grew dark, the 10 jihadists loaded their rucksacks into an inflatable dinghy equipped with an outboard motor and headed for shore. They left the fishing boat captain behind, his throat slit. It took one hour and 15 minutes, navigating by a Global Positioning System device, to reach shore at about 8:30 p.m. They quickly divided into small, heavily armed teams and fanned out across Mumbai's commercial district. Dressed casually in khakis or cargo pants and carrying backpacks, they looked like ordinary college kids.

Their mission was simple and terrible: "Inflict the maximum damage," they were told by their handlers in Pakistan, according to cellphone transcripts compiled by Indian authorities.

And that is what they began to do.

One team of terrorists strode into Mumbai's central train station, opened fire with assault rifles and lobbed grenades into crowds of commuters. "They were like angels of death," Sebastian D'Souza, a photographer with the Mumbai Mirror newspaper, who risked his life to document the assault, told reporters. "When they hit someone, they didn't even look back. They were so sure."

Another team struck Nariman House, a Jewish outreach center for the ultra-orthodox Chabad-Lubavitch movement where a young rabbi with dual U.S.-Israeli citizenship and his family were hosting guests.

Two terrorists paused in front of the popular tourist spot Leopold Cafe. They casually raked it with gunfire for a few moments, then tossed a live grenade inside at diners and waiters diving for cover. Then they moved on to bigger targets.

The terrorists who shot up the cafe soon joined forces with other jihadists to storm the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, the luxury hotel with an iconic wedding-cake structure where, just then, a young couple were celebrating their nuptials.

And two terrorists headed for the Oberoi hotel, an oceanfront, modern high-rise where the pilgrims from the Synchronicity group had just returned after their evening meditation session.

OASIS INVADED

Naomi was hungry. Helen, her roommate at the Oberoi, was tired. The strikingly attractive yoga teacher who, at 50, still had porcelain skin and the soft brogue of her native Ireland, longed to go straight to their room. She just wanted to drink a protein shake for dinner and collapse into bed. But she couldn't disappoint the teenager. Sweet Naomi's unbridled enthusiasm for India's exoticism so delighted Helen that the yoga teacher had even volunteered to be the chaperone when the teen had had her nose pierced the day before. Helen would do anything to please Naomi, an impulse she would remember in sorrow.

"God forgive me," Helen recalled later. "I knew Naomi loved the sushi at the Tiffin restaurant. So I suggested to her, 'Would you like some? My treat.' "

Naomi brightened. "Oh, yes, please," she said.

The cool, pristine elegance of the Oberoi offered respite from the heat and noise of Mumbai. In the soaring, open, atrium lobby of the hotel, a concierge in formal pinstripes beamed a welcome to the returning pilgrims. Polished brass and granite gleamed around them. A pianist and violinist played soothing serenades. Burning oil lamps wafted a jasmine-scented potion especially blended for the Oberoi.

The hotel's popular Tiffin restaurant was nestled in a corner of the lobby. Helen and Naomi spotted fellow Synchronicity pilgrims convened jovially at a back table near the kitchen. The duo wedged themselves into the empty banquette on one side of the table for six. They ordered cool ginger drinks, asparagus sushi and celery soup -- then waited. Service was uncharacteristically slow.

Michael Rudder, a Canadian actor then 58, cracked jokes with Nashville meditation instructor Rudrani Devi, 45, and one of her students from back home, Linda Ragsdale. Linda, then 49, an illustrator who had children of her own at home, made a special fuss over Naomi. She had been teaching Naomi to draw. Now, chatting gaily, Linda reminded Naomi that tomorrow she'd teach her how to draw a dragon. "Everyone was very exalted by the evening meditation program," Michael later recalled. "There was no need to drink wine or a martini. I was high, exalted and quite intoxicated with the bliss of being."

Naomi kept an eye out for her dad and waved him over when he showed up in the lobby looking for her. Lanky, bespectacled Alan Scherr had been in Master Charles's suite reviewing their schedule for the next day. Years before, when Naomi, their only child together, was a toddler, Alan and his wife, Kia, had traded their suburban existence in Silver Spring for a monastically Spartan life studying and teaching with Master Charles at Synchronicity's wooded headquarters in Faber, Va. In suburbia, Alan had made a living teaching college-level photography and Transcendental Meditation while managing the medical office of an osteopath. At Synchronicity, he thrived. Smart, funny and devoid of pretension, Alan became his guru's indispensable top administrator and a respected teacher in his own right. Synchronicity hosted regular retreats at foundation headquarters, attracting a few hundred people annually. It also had a mail-order business selling Master Charles's books and compact discs of sounds calibrated to affect listeners' brainwaves, helping them achieve deep meditation more quickly. This two-week India pilgrimage of far-flung supporters was something new for the foundation. Alan had made most of the arrangements and was working long days to ensure that every detail went smoothly.

Naomi, beaming, reached across Helen to squeeze her dad's hand as he sat at the head of the table in the last empty chair, his back toward the lobby.

"I jokingly said, 'What? Do you want me to switch places with you?' " Helen later recalled. "Okay, then," Naomi said. Helen hesitated. Bone-tired, she wasn't eager to drag herself off the banquette and switch places so Naomi could sit next to her dad. "So I made a joke about how messy her place was because she'd eaten all these rolls," Helen later recalled. "Alan said, 'It's okay, Naomi. Stay put.' "

Back home in Virginia, Naomi was the only child within the small monastic community living on Synchronicity's sprawling grounds. She and her parents had reached the painful conclusion that she needed to go away to school and be with kids her age. She was applying to a boarding school in New York for the following fall. Her mom had telephoned Mumbai a few nights earlier with news that Naomi had aced an admission test. Now, Alan told Helen that he didn't know how he was going to manage being separated from Naomi. "They were an inspiration of how father and daughter should be," Helen recalled. "They were so loving."

It was nearly 10 p.m. when a loud, incongruous sound came from the adjoining Trident hotel, connected to the Oberoi by a glass-walled corridor running behind the banquette where Helen and Naomi sat. It sounded to Helen as if a crystal chandelier had smashed to the floor. Michael, the Canadian actor, thought the loud noise sounded like a gunshot, and he should know. Michael had played plenty of TV and movie bad guys in his career. He'd also done voice work for shoot-'em-up video games such as Splinter Cell and Assassin's Creed. He excused himself from the table to ask the nearest Oberoi employees what was going on. "They told me it was nothing," Michael later recalled. "They assured me it was just a gangster in the street who had been chased away. They were very reassuring." So he sat back down.

Nearby, at a smaller table of Synchronicity pilgrims, Patty Duncan, 68, felt less sanguine. Unnerved by the commotion, she slapped down her credit card and pressed a Tiffin waiter to settle her tab. One of her dining companions, an older man relying on a walker, inched his way deeper into the Tiffin to bid goodnight to Alan, Naomi and the others at the larger table. Bonnie Sullivan, a massage therapist and teacher from Newport News, Va., helped Patty coax the older man to cut short his farewells, turn his walker around and hustle across the lobby into an elevator.

When the elevator reached the 11th floor, Bonnie stepped off and said goodnight. Seconds later, when the doors opened again on the 12th floor, Patty heard a cacophony of gunfire and screams echoing from the lobby they'd just left. The stories-high open atrium acted like a megaphone, amplifying the sounds of terror.

Master Charles's suite also was on the 12th floor, down a short, somewhat secluded hallway facing the Arabian Sea. The guru had just finished his room-service dinner. He was chatting with his personal assistant and one of his oldest friends, a Santa Monica yoga teacher. It sounded to them as if someone had lit firecrackers in the lobby, perhaps to celebrate an Indian wedding. Master Charles was dressed for bed in a T-shirt and pajama bottoms. So his yoga teacher friend, Steve Ross, investigated. Steve walked the short hallway to the atrium railing and peered down into the lobby in disbelief: Two gunmen were down in the lobby shooting people.

THE TIFFIN RESTAURANT

"Everybody get under the table!" Helen recalled Alan shouting authoritatively.

Suddenly, the two gunmen were inside the Tiffin, shooting. They moved from table to table, front to back, unloosing barrage after barrage of bullets.

The pilgrims scrambled to take cover under their table. Michael was still sitting in his chair, trying to pull the table out to give Helen and Naomi room to maneuver, when he felt a bullet shatter his right arm. The actor froze and watched his shirt turn from white to red. "Wow, that is so 'Die Hard'; that is so Bruce Willis," he recalled thinking. "It looked just like a movie. Then I got shot in the leg, and I told myself, 'Get down, you fool!' "

Michael dived to the floor beside their table only to be shot in the buttocks. The bullet traveled to his gut and lodged there. Linda, the illustrator, landed on top of Michael, covering him. The pilgrims under and around the table whispered to one another to be still and play dead. In a moment of silence, Linda lifted her head to peek around.

There, reflected in a mirrored column, was one of the terrorists standing about 10 feet away. "He looked like a kid with an oversize backpack," Linda later recalled. "He was wearing khakis and a white T-shirt. He looked like a student, yet he was hunting us: hands on the trigger, alert, eyes darting for any movement. I noticed the gun. I thought, 'Wow, that thing is huge. If you stood it up it, would be as tall as him.' That's when I laid my head down and thought: I have not been shot. I have not been shot."

Then boom: The hunter fired at Linda. A bullet struck her in the back and exited her thigh. Linda fainted. Helen knelt under the table and bent forward until her forehead touched the floor in a yoga position called child's pose. She quietly chanted "om shanti, om shanti" -- universal peace -- and gripped Alan's hand. More gunfire. Helen heard Rudrani, the Nashville meditation teacher, cry out that she, too, had been shot. An Indian couple who had been dining at a small table nearby dived under the pilgrims' larger table, and the woman landed on Helen's legs.

The couple's movement drew more fire. One of the shooters opened up directly into the top of the pilgrim's table, raking it over and over again with bullets. "My impression was of a kid playing a video game trying to get a perfect score, because he just kept shooting and shooting," Helen recalled. "Naomi let out a scream, but no words. I prayed that she would be quiet, because I thought that as long as she made sounds of life, he would keep shooting her."

Helen felt a bullet graze her thigh but knew it wasn't serious. It felt like a bee sting. The Indian man and woman who had dived under the pilgrim's table were shot, too. Helen heard the man murmuring in English to the woman, whose name sounded to Helen like Mystery, or the common Indian surname Mistry. "I heard him say, 'Oh, Mistry, I'm so afraid I'm doing to die here. Oh, Mistry, I'm so afraid to die here,' " Helen recalled. The man fell silent. Helen felt the woman's weight grow heavier on her legs. Suddenly, Helen realized that Alan wasn't holding her hand anymore, and she had no idea when he'd let go.

Then there was just silence. Helen was afraid to lift her head to see if the gunmen had left the restaurant. A voice came from a service area near the restaurant kitchen, just a few yards from their table. It was a hotel employee, who called softly:

"If anyone can move, come this way."

Linda, bleeding profusely, headed for the sound of the man's voice, a journey she later recalled in mystical terms: "I simply said yes to the universe, and the universe said, 'Here's the way.' "

Rudrani, the meditation instructor now so gravely injured she would later have to relearn how to walk, couldn't move. She lifted her one good arm and called out to anyone who would listen: "Drag me!"

A hotel employee darted into the open dining area. He grabbed Rudrani's offered arm and pulled her to safety past dozens of diners and waiters lying dead on the floor of the restaurant, their eyes open.

Helen struggled up from beneath the weight of the dead Indian woman. Once freed, she saw Alan. He had a gaping head wound that was clearly fatal. Naomi didn't appear to have a mark on her, but the teen was still -- too still. Helen lifted one of Naomi's arms. It dropped lifelessly. So Helen stood and raced toward the door of the staff service area, trying to crouch low as she made her escape.

Michael had lost consciousness lying face down in his own blood. When he came to, he heard a grenade explode, then what sounded like the gunmen breaking furniture and pouring gasoline nearby. Michael used his uninjured left arm to crawl, soldier-style, away from the sound of the gunmen. He crawled through the swinging door into the kitchen stairwell. Once there, he managed to stand and stagger to the street outside, despite injuries that would leave him facing multiple surgeries and a question:

After years of playing bad guys in make-believe shoot'em-ups, was this karma?

THE 12TH FLOOR

Master Charles's suite soon began filling with smoke. The guru, his personal assistant Ben Radtke, 28, and friend Steve Ross went to the window. It was thick plate glass and didn't open. As smoke in the room grew thicker and it became difficult to breathe, the men wet washcloths to cover their noses and mouths. Looking down from their huge picture window, they saw flames licking the side of the hotel a few floors below them. They watched as fire brigades arrived outside the Oberoi and tried dousing the flames from the relative safety of the street. On the well-lit street below, a fireman stood next to a van and kept motioning oddly at its windows. Eventually, Master Charles and his companions got the idea. Break the window! Break the window! he was telling them.

It wasn't easy. Master Charles, Ben and Steve took turns swinging a heavy brass table lamp at the window. The men alternately lay down on the floor, where it was easier to breathe, and took turns swinging the lamp. Finally, they shattered enough glass that all three men could hang their heads outside and gulp fresh air.

After what seemed an eternity, the firefighters managed to get the flames under control and smoke began clearing from the hotel, leaving trapped guests black with oily soot and bewildered.

Master Charles's cellphone rang. Someone from the Mumbai business that helped Synchronicity promote its nightly meditation to the Indian public was calling to tell him to turn on the television. It wasn't just the Oberoi under siege. Mumbai was under terrorist attack. In less than two hours, teams of gunmen had struck at least 10 places around the city's glittering tourist and financial districts. Indian military commandos -- known as the Black Cats -- were being flown from New Delhi to help local authorities combat the terrorists and free hostages.

Master Charles, Ben and Steve dragged furniture to barricade the suite door. The trio tried to make as little noise as possible, lest they attract the terrorists' attention. They moved to a bedroom farthest from the hall door and turned the television sound low. And then they watched news of their ongoing ordeal and waited to see what would happen next.

Down the hall from Master Charles's suite, Phil and Patty Duncan didn't barricade their door. They double-locked it and watched TV news until the television suddenly went dead. Then, Phil and Patty lay down on the bed together to rest and meditate. As the siege wore on through the night, eerie silences followed the deafening sounds of exploding grenades and gunfire inside the Oberoi. Yet the couple stayed relatively calm; Phil even managed to nap a few hours. A trim, white-haired retired doctor, Phil was professionally inculcated to be calm. During the Vietnam War, he was a combat doctor. He'd spent most of his medical career working in intensive care units. Years of practicing meditation, initially through the Transcendental Meditation movement and then with Synchronicity, had enhanced his natural calm. Now, lying next to his wife, Phil felt somehow protected. He knew people the world over must be praying for them. "I had a feeling that I can only describe as a powerful presence," Phil later said. "There was a feeling that there was, I hate to use the term 'angelic presence,' but it was a very sacred presence. We just felt like we were wrapped up in this presence, and it was very comforting."

'KILL ALL HOSTAGES'

One floor below, Bonnie Sullivan, then 55, was also feeling fairly steady, considering her situation. Like Master Charles, Ben and Steve, she had shattered her window -- with an ironing board -- when smoke from the terrorists' fires filled her room. She had done everything she could think of to prevent terrorists from discovering her alone in her room and slaughtering her. She'd double-locked her door. She'd dragged a dresser, inch by inch, until she'd lodged it against the door. She'd even lifted the heavy hotel safe from the closet, struggled with it to the door and dropped it atop the dresser to further deter entry.

She tried to meditate, donning a headset to listen to a meditation recording Master Charles had made especially for her. The incessant ringing of the fire alarm in her room, which clanged on for hours after smoke cleared, was a constant annoyance. Try as she might, she couldn't figure out how to turn the darned alarm off.

Then, suddenly, in the wee hours of Thursday, Nov. 27, the fire alarm in Bonnie's room stopped ringing. The batteries had died. Finally. Bonnie was so thankful. And, after all, this was Thanksgiving Day.

At about 3 a.m., Bonnie, still covered with soot, was sitting up in bed trying to rest.

Click. Click

She froze.

It was the soft, unmistakable sound of someone sliding a plastic key into the slot of the electronic lock on the door to her room. Someone was trying to get in. Maybe a maid from the hotel who had a passkey was seeking refuge. Maybe her roommate, who had been down in the business center when the shooting began, had made her way back to their room, Bonnie told herself. Surely, terrorists would blast her door, not open it with a key card, she told herself. She held herself perfectly still and tried not to make a sound.

Click. Click.

Then silence. Whoever was out there had moved on, foiled by the double lock and heavy barricade. Bonnie had no way of knowing, but at that moment the terrorists in control of the Oberoi were moving around her floor and the one below, looking for hostages.

At 3:53 a.m. the cellphone of one of the terrorists at the Oberoi rang. His handler was calling to find out how the mission was going. "Brother Abdul, the media is comparing your actions to 9/11," the caller said, according to an official transcript of the call. "One senior police officer has been killed."

"We are on the 10th/11th floor," the terrorist responded. "We have five hostages."

The caller handed the phone to a second man, who urged the terrorists to press on with their mission. "Everything is being recorded by the media," that caller said. "Inflict the maximum damage. Keep fighting. Don't be taken alive."

The first caller came back on the line with a brutal command:

"Kill all hostages, except the two Muslims. Keep your phone switched on so that we can hear the gunfire."

"We have three foreigners, including women. From Singapore and China," one of the terrorists said.

"Kill them," the caller instructed.

The terrorists could be heard directing hostages to stand in a line and instructing the two Muslims to stand aside, according to the official transcript. Gunfire sounded, followed by the callers celebrating on the other end of the line. They cheered. Then they issued more instructions.

"Fahad," one caller told a terrorist, "find the way to go downstairs."

DAY TWO: BATTLE STATION OBEROI

Daylight brought context for some trapped inside the Oberoi. Looking out the broken windows of his suite on the 12th floor, Master Charles saw that the normally congested streets around the hotel were largely deserted. Behind every tree on the hotel's exquisitely manicured grounds, a black-clad military commando took cover. Blocks away, journalists with cameras thronged police barricades. It was a surreal landscape to Master Charles, who had trekked to India as a young flower child from New York state and ended up staying for years. He'd studied meditation with a well-known Indian guru and become a Hindu monk schooled in ancient meditative traditions. When his Indian guru died in 1982, Master Charles moved to Virginia to modernize the meditation techniques he'd learned, start the Synchronicity Foundation and find his own following.

Now, conditions inside the guru's suite deteriorated as Indian commandos actively battled the terrorists inside the Oberoi. The air conditioning went out. The electricity went out. Bottled water supplies dwindled. It was an especially absurd situation for a man typically so fastidious about health that followers who live communally at the foundation retreat center are required to follow a prescribed diet and submit to regular weigh-ins, and visitors are instructed in writing not to come near Master Charles if they have symptoms of cold or flu. "We were raw in the throat and the lungs from the inhalation of the fumes and the smell of bombs and gunfire," he recalled.

For the guru's 28-year-old assistant, Ben, the sounds of the siege -- gunfire and exploding grenades -- were hardest to endure. Ben had been terrified of loud sounds since July 1989, when he was an 8-year-old passenger on Chicago-bound United Flight 232. The DC-10's engine blew out mid-air, with a bang that sounded like a bomb exploding. Flying shrapnel damaged crucial hydraulic lines, and the plane's steering and brake systems failed. The plane crashed-landed in Sioux City, Iowa, caught fire on the runway and broke apart, killing 111 of 296 people aboard. Ben recalled hanging upside down in a section of the burning wreckage until a fellow passenger unlatched the boy's seatbelt to free him. Except for a patch of singed hair, Ben didn't have a scratch on him. But Ben was never quite the same afterward, he recalled. He always wondered if that early trauma helped cause the ennui that haunted him until he began practicing yoga and meditation as a young adult.

Against the din of battle inside the Oberoi, Master Charles and Ben kept busy quietly calling cellphones and guest rooms, trying to track every member of their tour group. At Synchronicity's headquarters in Virginia, people also worked the phones. And in Mumbai, members of the Indian family that had been helping promote Master Charles's nightly meditation sessions searched the hospitals. By that afternoon, they could account for everyone in their group but 13-year-old Naomi Scherr and her father, Alan. When word reached Master Charles that wounded pilgrims who had been dining with Alan and Naomi at the Tiffin thought that the father and daughter had died there, the guru wept.

More than 8,000 miles away, someone from the Synchronicity Foundation called Kia Scherr to tell her that her husband and daughter were missing. They had last been seen lying under a table in a restaurant in the lobby of the Oberoi, and no one had heard from them since.

Kia, in Florida visiting her grown sons from a previous marriage and other relatives, imagined scenarios and tried to be hopeful. Maybe her husband and daughter were still in the hotel, hiding somewhere safe.

DAY THREE: LIGHT AND DARK

After a long night huddled with Steve and Ben on a bed at the back of his suite, Master Charles began his third day of captivity almost blinded by the brilliance of the light that flooded the room. The guru was filthy, still coated with oily black soot from the smoke that filled the room the first night. He had barely eaten in a day and a half. He hadn't really slept. He didn't know how long he would be trapped here. He didn't know if he would leave alive. He didn't know if terrorists had wired the hotel in some terrible endgame, and if the next explosion would bring the entire building crashing down on them. Yet here he was, watching as a beautiful light danced on the ripples of the sea beyond the hotel windows, flooded the hotel room and lifted his heart with feelings of awe and joy. Within all that light, the guru sensed a sacred presence, he later recalled. He took that as a sign that he was going to survive.

About 12 hours later, Indian military commandos -- searching floor by floor, room by room, for survivors -- arrived to free them from the suite. The two terrorists who had held the Oberoi were both dead by then. It would be another day before Indian commandos retook all the occupied buildings in Mumbai. The terrorists' handlers had, in cellphone calls, urged the young jihadists to fight on and on, killing as many people as possible. "This is a matter of prestige of Islam," one caller said, according to cellphone transcripts. "Fight so that your fight becomes a shining example." Nine terrorists heeded the call to fight unto death. A 10th, Ajmal Amir Kasab, 21, was captured alive and later confessed in open court. Kasab told the judge that he'd only agreed to let Lashkar-i-Taiba train him as a terrorist because he hated his low-paying job in a Pakistani decorating shop and hoped to learn skills that would help him become an armed robber. In all, the 10 young terrorists killed at least 170 people across Mumbai and wounded more than 300.

Master Charles went looking for just two: Naomi and Alan. Indian commandos led Master Charles, Ben and Steve through the wreckage of the once- exquisite Oberoi: along hallways soaked with water, down stairwells smeared with blood, across the lobby still strewn with bodies. The guru walked into the Tiffin restaurant. It, too, was a bloody shambles. He stepped around more dead bodies as he searched table by ruined table for Alan and Naomi. When he found them, the father and daughter were lying together with their heads touching and arms outstretched to each other.

A world away, in a home in Florida, the phone rang. It was a representative of the U.S. State Department calling Kia with the terrible news that Alan and her sweet Naomi were dead.

"Both of them!" Kia shrieked as she collapsed to the floor. "Both of them!

"Both of them!"

Later, Kia stood at the rail of her parents' back deck staring at a night sky with just two bright stars shining. "That's Alan and Naomi," Kia's sister said. It was a comforting reminder of what Kia needed to believe now more than ever: Alan and Naomi were one with the universe.

HOMECOMING

Four days later, most of the Synchronicity Foundation pilgrims flew home from Mumbai.

On Master Charles's first morning back at his group's headquarters in the Blue Ridge Mountains, about 30 minutes from Charlottesville, he and Kia faced a phalanx of reporters and cameras at a packed news conference. Sitting against a mauve backdrop in the sanctuary, Kia, ethereal and slight, looked especially tiny next to her guru, who wore flowing orange monk's robes. Both the guru and the grieving wife and mother seemed pained but remarkably composed.

"What are your thoughts on the terrorists?" a reporter asked.

"We must send them our love, forgiveness and compassion," Kia responded softly. "As Jesus Christ said long ago, 'They know not what they do.' They are in ignorance. And they are completely shrouded and clouded by fear. And we must show that love is possible and love overpowers fear. So that's my choice."

Another reporter wanted to know if Master Charles -- who had suggested that Naomi join the pilgrimage to Mumbai and arranged for one of his followers to pay her way -- felt guilty for leading the ill-fated trip that cost the girl her life.

"No, not guilt," he said evenly. "That's not our understanding of life." In his worldview, it would be as absurd to feel guilty about leading the pilgrimage as it would be to judge the terrorists, Master Charles suggested. The roomful of journalists was stunned into rare silence, allowing the guru to explain without interruption the philosophy he began learning in India and had been teaching his own followers for decades.

"Our understanding of life is that reality is relative," Master Charles said. "There will be consistently the oscillation of relative polarities, whether you call them positive or negative, love/fear, subjective/objective. . . . And it is through the oscillation of relative reality that we evolve our balance and our wholeness. So, all experience thus is valid. And, therefore, we can't really sit in judgment upon it and say this is right and that is wrong. That's why I think Kia expressed it very beautifully when she said that she forgives the terrorists. I wholeheartedly agree with that. To me, everybody's experience places you at choice. I often say everyone is a gift. They have an experience that is valid for them. You may not understand it. You may not agree with it. But you must honor the validity of their experience as you honor the validity of your own.

"So," the guru continued, "the terrorists' experience is appropriate for them. It's their choice. I can't comprehend why they create that experience. But it can place me at a choice. Do I choose the same hatred? Do I choose the same violence? Do I choose the same conflict in my life? Or do I say, 'No, I don't choose that. Rather, I choose the opposite. I choose love; I choose compassion; I choose kindness. I choose peace.' "

Several days later, on a Sunday in mid-December, chants echoed through tall trees as a small group of mourners journeyed a winding path toward Synchronicity's most sacred place: the grotto. The mourners stopped short of entering the grotto, which is forbidden to almost everyone except Master Charles, who says an apparition he calls the Blessed Mother often appears to him there. His vision is not the Virgin Mary of his Catholic childhood in New York, but a rather more expansive image of the "divine feminine" who comes to him without creed.

Next to the grotto, Master Charles has installed a tall white statue, a likeness of his Blessed Mother, so that all may see what he sees. It is here, near the foot of the garland-strewn statue, where Kia and a small number of private mourners gathered to place some of Alan's and Naomi's ashes into an eternal flame. Later that day, at a public memorial attended by the media and podcast to Synchronicity followers worldwide, Master Charles said: "Alan and Naomi are not gone. They live on in subtle forms. Their journeys of light and love and truth continue. And if we are aware -- right here, right now in this very moment -- they are closer to us than our very breath."

In the weeks following, the TV trucks pulled away, interview requests waned and the tsunami of well-wishers the world over ebbed to a more manageable flood tide. The men and women of Synchronicity Foundation shifted job assignments to try to fill the enormous void left by Alan's death. Life at Synchronicity headquarters appeared to return to something like routine. Master Charles's more than one dozen followers, who live in small brown trailers on Synchronicity grounds, still rose by 6:30 each morning to walk the path that winds through the woods, past the statute of the Blessed Mother and the eternal flame that danced in chill winds. At 7 a.m., the resident community still gathered in a darkened room within the building they call the sanctuary to meditate for 90 minutes before each made his or her way to a communal dining room to eat prescribed meals in mandated silence before beginning long days of assigned tasks.

One day, Master Charles was sitting alone in his private parsonage at the top of a steep hill. He was upstairs in his office, where everything looked much as it always had: same desk, same plants, same expansive views from his windows of trees -- all trees, as far as he could see. Suddenly, as he recalled it later, "It dawns on you that everything is the same -- but you. Then you say, 'What's different?' What's different is you are not the same person anymore. Your values, your priorities have shifted because you are still here and you almost weren't. So, based on that, who are you now?"

Master Charles answered his own question: He was more.

"In the intensity of a terrorist experience, can you experience the oneness of life?" he said. "That's an amazing journey. Without that experience, would you have that depth of evolution in your consciousness?

"And isn't that why we are here? Yes. To evolve. To grow. . . . So I can't look at that experience and say, 'Oh, that should never have happened. Change it, forget it.' No.

"I have to embrace it and say, 'Wow, amazing experience.' And who was I in that experience, and who am I now as a result of that experience? Obviously, I am more."

BORN AGAIN -- AND AGAIN

For some pilgrims who survived the terrorist attacks in Mumbai, their post-Mumbai rebirths were corporeal as well as spiritual. Nashville meditation instructor Rudrani Devi labored to recover from gunshot wounds to her arm and leg. After being dragged to safety from the carnage inside the Tiffin, Rudrani languished in a Mumbai hospital for days before she could sit for the flight home. Back in Nashville, her orthopedist discovered that the bullet that had pierced her femur had triggered a shock wave of tiny fractures. Even simple activities now left her at risk of shattering bone. A onetime competitive bodybuilder, a woman accustomed to doing more than 200 sit-ups at a time and running a half-marathon every Friday, Rudrani could no longer stand safely, much less work. She closed the alternative healing business where she and a partner had sold balance-restoring oils. Her insurance benefits ran out, and medical bills mounted. Yet, on the one-month anniversary of the terrorist attack, Rudrani's husband wheeled her into a store to buy a little black dress to celebrate the date they now call her second birthday. "I feel like I got a gift from it," she said. "If I ever had any doubt that we were connected before, I know it now."

Actor Michael Rudder endured multiple surgeries to try to repair damage from a terrorist's bullets. A bullet from an AK-56 remains forever lodged in Michael's lower abdomen, too dangerous for doctors to remove. In the days following the terrorist attack, he had recurring nightmares. In his dreams, the terrorist attacked Oberoi over and again. Over and again, Michael dreamed of finding some way to save Alan and Naomi. Over and again, they died in his dreams until, finally, Michael realized that there was no way to go back, only forward. In March, he underwent another surgery, this time to reverse the colostomy performed in India. Afterward, he couldn't stand, walk or sit without agonizing pain. Michael recently started acting again. He no longer wants to play the part of a bad guy wielding any weapon against a fellow human being. "I don't think I'll ever be the same," he said. "My love has risen through the ashes of this. I ask myself now, how can I be more loving? Can I be more loving with the surgeon even though he's running late for my appointment? Can I be more loving to the nurse? Can I be more present always to being more loving? My priority has become clear."

Linda Ragsdale, the Nashville illustrator and children's book author, was left ebullient by her near-death experience in Mumbai. In memory of Naomi -- whom Linda never got to teach how to draw a dragon -- Linda has founded a Peace Dragon program. She is teaching children lessons about peace through art. She's thinking of having a dragon tattooed over the lengthy scar from her gunshot wounds, although she has warned her husband that he better not joke that "your ass is dragon." If Linda could rewind the tape of her life -- not eat dinner at the Tiffin that night, not even go to Mumbai as a last-minute addition on the pilgrimage -- she wouldn't. "Obviously, this is going to sound ridiculous, but I cannot deny that I would not have changed anything," she said. "I am growing and understanding more than I would have had I not been put on this path."

Philip and Patty Duncan's belief in the search for balance in a world of ever-oscillating darkness and light, has, over the months, helped the retired doctor and his wife make sense of the pilgrims' ordeal. Perhaps, Phil said, the positive orientation of the joyous pilgrims provided a crucial, cosmic counterbalance to the extreme negativity of the killers. Had the pilgrims not been there to provide that balance, the carnage might have been even worse, he has come to believe. "So you could look at our experience as being exactly where we were meant to be," he said.

These Synchronicity survivors talk with clear pride about how their meditative practice and worldview helped them remain remarkably calm during the terrorist attack and overwhelmingly positive afterward. But none says their beliefs shield them from sorrow for the fallen.

Helen Connolly, the Toronto yoga teacher who was Naomi's roommate at the Oberoi, was sitting in traffic recently, calm as usual, happy to be on the way to a nursery to buy flowers. Unexpectedly, she noticed the custom license plate of the vehicle stopped in front of her. It said: "MISTRY".

Suddenly, Helen was back under the table at the Tiffin restaurant chanting a mantra as a young Indian couple she had never met and a father and daughter she loved like family died beside her. "I burst into tears," she said.

As for Kia, she moved out of the simple Synchronicity quarters that she had shared with her husband and daughter for 11 years. It was such an intimate space: two bedrooms, one sitting room, a little den and a lifetime of memories. Kia stopped attending communal meals in the dining room of Synchronicity's retreat center. She couldn't face seeing the table where she, Alan and Naomi had eaten together in silence three times daily for all those years.

Kia moved temporarily into the nearby vacation home of one of Master Charles's wealthy foreign followers. Her move had a practical advantage: The foundation gutted her family's former quarters to build additional guest rooms. Many people had heard about Synchronicity and its beliefs through news reports and now were signing up in record numbers to attend retreats with Master Charles.

For years, Kia had an intellectual understanding of the play of light and dark in the universe. Now, she lives this duality daily. One day in April, she went to her office to pick up her mail and found an official-looking document in a Federal Express package. She was walking back through the woods to the home where she stays when she opened the packet. It was Naomi's death certificate. Under cause of death it listed: multiple gunshot wounds. Kia, alone in the woods, doubled over and wept. She didn't think she would ever stop weeping.

But she did. Kia finds strength daily in helping plan a new Synchronicity-related foundation called "One Life Alliance." Every day, she's reading books about all kinds of people working to promote peace all over the world. She's even seeking out authors and peace activists, which astounds her because Alan was always the outgoing one. Kia was the shy, retiring homebody. Now, she sometimes feels as if the trauma of her extreme loss and grief has somehow ripped her wide open -- open to a new way, a new life, a new identity.

"A few weeks ago," Kia recalled, "I dreamed that I was being hired by the Obama administration. They said, 'There's one more job left. And your job is to open the ice cream.' "

Kia laughed and laughed at the memory of her dream. She recalled recounting it to Master Charles a few days earlier.

"What do you make of that?" Master Charles asked her.

"The sweetness of life? Reminding people about the sweetness of life?"

"When do you open ice cream?" he asked.

"You open ice cream when you celebrate," Kia said. "You open ice cream when you celebrate birthdays. It's something positive. It's bringing something nice to the table."

Even as Kia struggles to discover what her new life will be, she is forever tied to the lives she lost. Sometimes she asks Alan for guidance and feels his answers to her questions deep within her heart. She believes with an absolute certainty that Alan and Naomi are somehow, even now, near. She feels their love, and love is all there is. Everything else is an illusion.

Journalist April Witt can be reached at AprilWitt09@gmail.com. Join her, along with Synchronicity Foundations's Master Charles Cannon and Kia Scherr, for a live discussion about this story and their experiences on Monday, August 24 at 12 noon ET.

Group Has Financial Industry in Its Sights

By Brady Dennis
Washington Post Staff Writer
Saturday, August 22, 2009

At a crowded Capitol Hill news conference recently, Rep. Barney Frank (D-Mass.) had just promised a "national debate" this fall on the Obama administration's proposed financial reforms when a pending House vote demanded his presence.

After he departed, a mild-mannered woman named Heather Booth stepped to the podium.

"I'm the director of Americans for Financial Reform," she said, speaking at first with a softness that belied her four-decade history of full-throated activism. Soon her voice rose in the stuffy room, brimming with indignation about how an out-of-control banking industry must never be allowed to inflict the kind of anguish on Americans that it has during the current crisis.

"This is a David and Goliath fight," said Booth, 63. "On the one side, you have the extraordinarily powerful financial industry and the Chamber of Commerce on their side. And on the other side, you have the people." She added, "We know what true comprehensive financial reform is, and we aren't going to stop until we get it."

A month later, in a borrowed second-floor office on K Street, Booth and a handful of staff members are trying to figure out how to win that fight against the business lobbyists who line that strip of downtown.

The coalition has signed on nearly 200 consumer, labor and civil rights organizations across the country and has undertaken the first steps in what it hopes will become a nationwide grass-roots campaign to build support for aggressive reform. It has held scores of meetings with lawmakers on the House Financial Services and Senate Banking committees. It has hired a communications firm and begun to discuss a possible advertising blitz later in the year. This week, the group's advocates began working on the ground in 16 states, from Florida to California.

Still, the fledgling coalition faces lawmakers and an American public that, at least for now, are preoccupied with the contentious debate about the future of the nation's health-care system. It faces the difficulty of raising money -- the goal is $5 million -- during a recession. Perhaps most important, it faces a banking lobby that is well funded, well organized and determined to safeguard the interests of the industry.

The group still lacks resources and visibility, but Booth insists it has a firm hold on the moral high ground.

"What's really on our side is honesty, truth, decency, fairness, accountability and all the values that we prize in this country," she said.

As the national debate that Frank promised unfolds in the coming weeks, Booth and others are hoping their coalition can add a voice that has been absent -- or at least muted -- during previous debates.

"What we're really hoping to do with is bang a big drum outside the beltway," said Ed Mierzwinski, consumer program director at the U.S. Public Interest Research Group and a coalition member. "What we're trying to do is make as much noise as the banks."

If there's one thing Booth knows, it's how to make noise.

Life of Activism

Booth grew up in Brooklyn and Long Island in a family "that really believed in the golden rule," she said, "that you treat others with dignity, decency and respect, that you should have some basic fairness in society."

She enrolled in the University of Chicago in the early 1960s and soon became active in the civil rights and antiwar movements. She joined the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee and volunteered in Mississippi. In 1965, Booth organized "Jane," a group of Chicagoans who helped other women find illegal abortion providers until the Supreme Court legalized the practice in 1973. She met her husband, Paul Booth, a founder of Students for a Democratic Society, at a sit-in protesting the selective service. They have two children and three grandchildren.

In the early 1970s, Booth founded Chicago's Midwest Academy, which has trained thousands of citizen activists to organize powerfully and effectively for progressive causes. She has headed up numerous efforts for labor and consumer advocacy groups along the way and worked for many Democratic organizations.

She has received praise for her work, but also scorn from conservatives.

In June, for example, Booth was referred to on commentator Glenn Beck's television show as "a true believer, Kool-Aid drinker," whose beliefs amount to "socialist nonsense."

Booth remains unapologetic. She likens the current push for meaningful financial reform to her early days as a civil rights activist.

"I view this as a continuation of that struggle," she said. "This is about people's everyday life -- whether you can keep your home, whether you have credit, whether your kids have any promise of a future. That's similar to other fights for democracy and fairness."

First Things First

The first clash will unfold next month, when Frank and his committee move forward on legislation that would create a controversial new agency to oversee consumer financial products such as credit cards and mortgages.

"It's become the tip of the spear," Booth said. "The largest institutions have lined up against it. There's a juggernaut against this."

Business groups have swarmed Capitol Hill to warn that another layer of government regulation could increase costs, stifle innovation and curtail choices for consumers. They say an agency responsible only for consumer financial products wouldn't necessarily look after the health of the firms providing them and would exacerbate the patchwork nature of current regulation. Although most lobbyists doubt they can actually prevent the creation of a new agency, many hope to curtail its proposed scope of powers. Booth and company are hoping to preserve and even strengthen its role.

Whatever the outcome, other battles lie ahead, such as mortgage and foreclosure relief, the regulation of shadow markets and who will serve as a systemic risk regulator for the economic system. How much influence Americans for Financial Reform can exert in each issue remains unclear.

"Activists generally rely more on emotional arguments, whereas lobbyists rely more on logic and economic arguments," said Scott Talbott, chief lobbyist at the Financial Services Roundtable, which represents the nation's largest financial firms. "The logic usually prevails."

Others, like House Financial Services Committee spokesman Steve Adamske, welcome the new coalition's efforts.

"Their role is extremely helpful," Adamske said. "Our members need to hear from all sides. If they're just hearing from one side, the consumer issues get lost a lot of times."

Booth and her allies see this fall as a historic opportunity. The current crisis has touched nearly every American in palpable ways, they say, and led to sustained outrage against the country's largest financial institutions. In addition, the new president has made regulatory overhaul an important part of his agenda, and his party holds a majority in Congress.

"We don't get these chances very often. It's a moment in time," Mierzwinski said. "Congress very rarely talks about something as big as what they're talking about. It's a big fight."

A fight Booth plans to boil down to one essential question:

"The people or the biggest banks," she said. "Which side are you on?"

Despite Promises to Bolster Defenses, India Remains Vulnerable

Months After Terrorists Shocked Mumbai, Experts Cite Persistent Gaps in Security

By Emily Wax
Washington Post Foreign Service
Saturday, August 22, 2009

MUMBAI -- After nine months of political grandstanding and a high-profile trial of the lone, surviving gunman from last year's terrorist assault on this city, India's security gaps remain so wide that counterterrorism experts and high-ranking police officials fear the country is still vulnerable to a similar attack.

India's police and armed forces have yet to receive the promised boost in manpower and modernized equipment needed to stave off another strike, security experts say. Of particular concern are the persistent lapses in monitoring India's coast, which should have been the first line of defense when the attackers sailed here from the Pakistani port city of Karachi and then killed more than 170 people.

With extremist violence growing in Afghanistan and Pakistan, India's ability to prevent attacks through intelligence gathering and defensive measures has become more urgent than ever, say security experts and diplomats. The Obama administration sees India as an ally in containing the spread of Islamist militancy in South Asia, and the issue is one of the central sources of tension in India's relations with its neighbor, Pakistan.

The November attack exposed India's inability to protect its financial capital from 10 young, well-trained gunmen who brought the city to a standstill for three days by taking hundreds of hostages in two luxury hotels and a Jewish center. The outrage many Indians felt then has since shifted from the government's security failures to the surviving gunman, Ajmal Amir Kasab. Kasab is on trial, and the 21-year-old could be sentenced to death by hanging.

"The real issue is whether the attack could happen again. And yes, of course it could," said Ajai Sahni, executive director of the Institute for Conflict Management. "There's been no substantial changes in security since the attacks, just more speeches. The gaps are huge. Our national bird is the peacock. But it should be the ostrich, because we are burying our heads in the sand."

One of the biggest gaps is technological, security experts say. The gunmen who came ashore were equipped with assault rifles, Global Positioning System navigators, BlackBerry phones loaded with switchable SIM cards, Google Earth maps and VoIP applications to pinpoint their targets and talk to their Pakistani handlers under the radar of conventional surveillance. By contrast, the first police officers they encountered were armed with World War II-era bolt-action rifles. According to a confidential police report, most police officers had fewer than five rounds of ammunition and few of them had access to working cellphones.

Still, some terrorism experts say the real key to stopping similar attacks is ramping up security along the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean coast. Unlike its heavily guarded land borders, India's coastal waters are sparsely monitored, with fewer than 100 boats and 45 aircraft for about 4,700 miles of shoreline.

"Do the math. It's frightening," said Uday Bhaskar, director of the National Maritime Foundation, a New Delhi-based think tank. "With terrorists using technology, the whole ballgame has changed on sea and land. India is way behind."

The expense of acquiring better technology is only part of the problem, he said. Finding enough tech-savvy police officers and intelligence agents is a big hurdle in India, especially now that most potential recruits -- including those with degrees in engineering or information technology -- are snapped up by the country's lucrative outsourcing industry.

Since the Mumbai attacks, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has vowed to overhaul the country's intelligence and police forces and upgrade their weapons and training. On Monday, he told the country's chief ministers at an internal security meeting in New Delhi, the capital, that cross-border terrorism was still a "pervasive threat." He said he had received "credible information" about militant groups in neighboring Pakistan planning more attacks on Indian soil.

"We need to be prepared for encountering more sophisticated technologies and enhanced capabilities. We also need to guard our sea frontier as vigilantly as our land border," Singh said.

India's defense spending is expected to surge by 25 percent this year, to $29 billion, with some of that earmarked for weapons upgrades. India is creating a federal investigations unit similar to the FBI as well as four regional hubs for the country's top commando unit, the National Security Guard. The New Delhi-based NSG was criticized for its slow response to the Mumbai attacks: It took the commandos at least eight hours to find a flight to Mumbai, and two hours in heavy traffic to get from Mumbai's airport to the besieged hotels. It is working closely with a 10-member team from the FBI, which is investigating the attacks. Six Americans were killed during the siege.

At the security meeting, Home Minister P. Chidambaram told the governors of India's 28 states that they have grown lax on security since the November attacks and should begin filling the 150,000 vacancies in police departments nationwide. "There are inadequate training facilities for intelligence gathering and intelligence analysis," Chidambaram said, according to a transcript of the meeting.

His office did not respond to repeated requests by fax and telephone for an interview.

Vikram Sood, a retired chief of India's intelligence service, said in an interview that street-level intelligence across India has grown so weak that most police have little knowledge of goings on in the country's increasingly transient and teeming urban centers. The police did not even know that a Jewish center was in the Nariman House, one of the sites taken over by the gunmen, Sood said.

"The beat constable system has completely eroded in India," said Sood, who is now vice president of the Center for International Relations at the Observer Research Foundation, an independent think tank. "India is one of the most under-policed countries in the world. We really need on-the-ground intelligence."

He also said more interagency cooperation is needed.

"Mumbai was a defining moment when for 60 hours we were watching this unfold and nobody seemed to know who was in charge," he said. If there was information that a similar attack was imminent, "there still won't be enough boats or manpower to stop it."

The lack of quality policing is only getting worse as India's economy and public transportation systems grow, said Meenakshi Ganguly, a researcher at Human Rights Watch, which released a recent report detailing India's police deficiencies. India has roughly one police officer for every 1,000 people, less than half the U.S. average. Many are underpaid, overworked and under-trained, according to Ganguly and other watchdog groups that monitor India's police.

"The truth is everyone was caught unaware," said B.N. Raut, a director and the second in command of Mumbai's 56,000-strong paid civilian auxiliary forces. "At least now we are talking about these things. Maybe in memory of those who died we should be doing more than just talking."

Inside the city's main train station, which was attacked by Kasab and an accomplice, security remains lax. Most visitors pass through metal detectors amid a crush of bodies, and backpacks and purses are rarely checked.

"It's pretty useless. We have new security guards at the entrance, but you see them doing crosswords," said Manoj Khan, a manager at a coffee shop that was attacked.

He said he was unable to eat for days after the attacks. "And then," he said, "everything returned to normal."

In Parched Nairobi, Residents Blame Government for Drought Crisis

Residents Struggling With Shortages Cite Recurrent Government Failures

By Stephanie McCrummen
Washington Post Foreign Service
Saturday, August 22, 2009

NAIROBI, Aug. 21 -- Across East Africa, drought is again leaving millions of people in dusty countryside hungry, thirsty and dangerously dependent on food aid, the United Nations has warned. But as the weeks wear on, its effects -- less drastic but perhaps more politically potent -- are also creeping into urban capitals such as this one.

In crowded, iron-sheet settlements as well as in high-hedged enclaves of the city's elite, water taps are running dry. With widespread crop failures, the price of staple foods such as corn flour is soaring. Low water levels in dams have led to power cuts, forcing businesses to shut down or switch on expensive, gas-powered generators. And once again, people here are dealing with the nuisance of thousands of cattle wandering along the trash-strewn edges of highways in search of grass or water.

"There's nothing good about being here," said Ezekiel Kasaini, a Masai herder who traded his traditional red shawl for a sweater and trousers and was shooing 150 cows past a wall scrawled with graffiti. "I had three cows hit by cars just yesterday."

Drought in this part of Africa is hardly new, and the scenes playing out in smoggy Nairobi are amounting to repeats of 2005 and 2000. This time, however, the crisis is exacerbating Kenyans' frustration with a coalition government established after weeks of post-election violence last year. People are blaming politicians for the crisis, not nature.

"It's the government's fault," said Mike Ouma Sewe, 42, who owns a garage that has lost nearly half its business since power rationing began a few weeks ago. "They must see this coming every few years, but they do nothing. Now they're talking about wind farming and conservation. They should have done all of that a long time ago."

Similar stories are playing out elsewhere. In the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa, where the ruling party is facing elections next year, the government has been rationing electricity for two months. In the midst of a construction boom, cement factories there are slowing production and have long waiting lists for the product. Small-business owners are suffering.

"In the good days, I do typing for college students, copy handouts and provide Internet services," said Kalkidan Belay, who works in a shop in Addis Ababa. "Now I barely pay rent because I can only work three days a week."

In the Rwandan capital of Kigali, a government that has prided itself on being forward-looking is now rationing water, and city dwellers are returning to the days of fetching river water or paying expensive vendors to haul tanks to their homes.

But the situation has become especially politicized in Kenya, where people say that the effects of recurrent droughts are exacerbated by systematic government failings. The government currently has 500,000 metric tons of maize in strategic reserves, for instance, but the monthly requirement to feed the population is 300,000 tons, and the crisis is expected to continue for at least two months. The government is also being blamed for the systematic destruction of the country's primary water catchment area, the vast Mau Forest. Despite repeated warnings by environmental agencies, the area has been devastated over the years by politically motivated land grabs by Kenyan elites and settlements of people who have chopped down trees to make and sell charcoal.

As a result, rivers that feed lakes, water farms and hydroelectric power plants are drying up. Though the government has pledged to stop the destruction of the forest, it has not yet taken any action. And other conservation efforts, such as promoting drip irrigation and drought-resistant crops in arid areas and diversifying power sources, have not progressed much.

So when the rains failed in parts of Kenya this year, the effects on Nairobi were predictable.

The rationing of power and water began. Food became more expensive. The cows began lumbering into the city's outskirts, dirt-blown industrial parks and suburbs from the dried-up countryside. And in the neighborhood of Kangemi, a vast sprawl of cinder-block houses and iron-sheet shacks, people stood in line for five hours Friday for their turn at a pathetic trickle of water dripping into a muddy puddle.

"It takes me 30 minutes to fill this bucket," said Sara Obanda, 47, who had finally reached the trickle and was dipping an old plastic margarine container into the puddle. For her family, she would need at least seven buckets for the day.

Normally, Obanda and her neighbors get water from shared outdoor taps, the use of which is usually covered in the monthly rent. These days, those who do not wish to wait by the puddle can buy water from a kind of water mafia that guards one of the few, sporadically working taps across the highway from the neighborhood.

One of the guards, Paul Kariuki, was filling up six 20-liter containers of water Friday, and he planned to sell each for perhaps 30 shillings -- about 40 cents. But with families stretched because of high food prices, Kariuki said that even the water-hawking business is not going well these days.

"All the problems we are facing now are because of the government," he said. "It's terrible."

Special correspondent Kassahun Addis in Addis Ababa contributed.

As Obama Effort Hits Wall, Senators Work on Streamlined Plan

With Smaller Bill, Group Seeks Broader Support From Both Sides

By Lori Montgomery and Perry Bacon Jr.
Washington Post Staff Writers
Saturday, August 22, 2009

In town hall meetings across the country, voters have blasted President Obama's health-care reform plan as too expensive, too complicated and likely to inject the government too deeply into the nation's health system. In response, Senate negotiators are trying to rein in the bureaucracy, as well as the trillion-dollar price.

But it is not clear that a smaller bill would be easier to write or to pass. Some of the simplest items on Obama's wish list could have far-reaching consequences, health experts say, and even some of the most popular provisions are beginning to draw partisan attacks.

"You start pulling these things apart, and suddenly it can all unravel in terms of policy and politics," said Roger Hickey, head of the liberal group Campaign for America's Future. If lawmakers try to cut costs by abandoning the goal of universal coverage or by trimming plans to provide federal aid to people who can't afford insurance on their own, "then the political support dries up and it's bad policy as well."

The White House doesn't appear ready to lower its expectations. "The president's goal is not to print a banner and sign a bill just so somebody can say we've reformed health care," White House press secretary Robert Gibbs said Friday. "Cutting costs, increasing coverage, ensuring that we have the type of insurance reforms that protect consumers against the type of practices that we've seen in the past -- those are part of the goals and principles that he has."

The three Democratic and three Republican members of the Senate Finance Committee who are laboring to craft a cheaper health plan say they share those goals.

But that plan must be significantly less expensive than the one crafted by House leaders, which would cost $1.02 trillion over the next decade, the senators say. And it must rein in the skyrocketing trajectory of federal health spending, rather than adding $240 billion to projected deficits by 2019, as the House plan would, according to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.

Anyone who thinks the House bill, "which, number one, is not paid for and, number two, bends the cost curve in the wrong way, is a product that would pass the United States Senate, I think they're mistaken," said Sen. Kent Conrad (D-N.D.), one of the Finance Committee negotiators.

Before they left Washington for the August recess, the Finance group, known as the "Gang of Six," had crafted the outlines of a package that trimmed more than $100 billion from the House price tag and jettisoned a government-run insurance option, which has become a rallying cry for many liberals but is opposed by Republicans. The senators also were looking to provide insurance subsidies to a smaller, less affluent group than the House bill would.

After meeting via teleconference for more than an hour late Thursday, the Senate group is now looking to go further. They support a requirement that all individuals carry health insurance, but they are considering creating a bare-bones insurance policy that would be easier for people to afford without government help. They are also talking about further reducing the number of people eligible for subsidies, said an aide familiar with the talks.

"We're looking at cost savings for the government and what's affordable for people," said Sen. Olympia J. Snowe (R-Maine), another of the negotiators. "We're trying to find that magic formula."

Both ideas are likely to infuriate liberal Democrats, particularly in the House. Majority Leader Steny H. Hoyer (D-Md.) on Friday brushed aside calls to scale back the bill or break it into parts. "If you're going to solve the cost problem, you have to do this comprehensively," Hoyer said.

Hoyer left the door open, however, to dropping a public insurance plan, saying, "I'm for a public option, but I'm also for passing a bill." That set Hoyer apart from House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), who declared Thursday, "There's no way I can pass a bill in the House of Representatives without a public option."

Some observers say they see plenty of room for compromise, noting, for example, that there is broad support in both parties for private-insurance reforms that would prevent higher rates based on age, sex or medical condition and denial of coverage to people who are already sick.

But this week, Senate Minority Whip Jon Kyl (R-Ariz.), indicated that he would have trouble supporting even those measures, saying states that had experimented with insurance reforms had seen "fairly disastrous consequences," including much higher premiums for people who already had coverage.

Kyl also shot down the notion that controlling the cost of the package might help. "There's no way Republicans are going to support a trillion-dollar-plus bill," Kyl said. "And when the chairman of the Finance Committee in the Senate said, 'Ah, great success, I think we've got it under a trillion dollars,' you didn't hear a lot of applause from Republicans."

Such talk is fueling speculation that the GOP wants to kill the health-reform effort and that Democrats would be better off moving forward without them.

"Some Republicans are trying to find common ground," said Jim Manley, a spokesman for Senate Majority Leader Harry M. Reid (D-Nev.). "Unfortunately, it looks like the Senate Republican leadership is trying to sabotage the process."

'Monogamous' Gays Can Serve in Clergy, ELCA Convention Vote Decides

Largest Lutheran Denomination in U.S. Split on Divisive Issue

By Jacqueline L. Salmon
Washington Post Staff Writer
Saturday, August 22, 2009

Leaders of the nation's biggest Lutheran denomination voted Friday to allow gays in committed relationships to serve as clergy in the church -- making it one of the largest Christian denominations in the country to significantly open the pulpit to gays.

Previously, only celibate gays were permitted to serve as clergy in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, a denomination of 4.8 million members. But delegates to a church assembly voted 559-451 to allow gays in "life-long, monogamous" relationships to serve as clergy and professional lay leaders in the church.

The vote is the culmination of a years-long process in the ELCA, and was accompanied by plenty of emotion at the convention in Minneapolis. After standing in long lines to reach microphones during debates that extended all day, some delegates shook and others cried as they expressed their opposition or support of the measure.

Quoting the Bible and denomination founder Martin Luther, delegates sought to place the decision within their interpretation of their Lutheran faith.

"We live today with an understanding of homosexuality that did not exist in Jesus' time and culture," Tim Mumm, a lay delegate from Wisconsin and supporter of Lutherans Concerned, an gay-rights organization, said during the debate. "We are responding to something that the writers of Scripture could not have understood."

But other said the recommendations weaken the Biblical standards of the church.

"As Luther taught us, Scripture does not have a wax nose," said the Rev. Ryan Mills, a delegate representing Texas and Louisana. "It cannot be twisted into anything we want it to say. But that's just what we're doing with these following recommendations."

Conservatives tried to derail the vote, losing a ballot that would have required a supermajority of two-thirds to approve the proposal. They lost a similar vote earlier in the week.

Some critics of the proposal predicted its passage could cause individual congregations to leave the ELCA, which is what occurred to the 2 million-member Episcopal Church when it consecrated an openly gay bishop in 2003. Last month, Episcopalians voted to make gays eligible for any ordained ministry.

Most mainline Protestant churches are struggling to balance what many view as Biblical injunctions against the practice of homosexuality with the country's burgeoning gay-rights movement. Among the major mainline denominations, leaders of the Presbyterian Church (USA) recently defeated a proposal to ordain openly gay pastors, but with a much narrower margin than in previous votes. And United Methodist church leaders faced an emotional debate last year when they upheld their ban on openly gay clergy.

"I really believe . . . what we are about to do will split the church," said ELCA delegate John Sang of Ohio during the debate.

Delegate Terri Stagner-Collier wept as she predicted that opponents would be "ripped away" from the church if the measure were approved. "I urge you not to do this -- not to do this at all," she said, "[for] these people in the pews and in my family."

In essence, the vote puts gays under the same set of rules that have govern heterosexual clergy. They are required to be monogamous if married and to abstain from sexual relations if they are single. Individual congregations would not be compelled to take on pastors who are in same-sex relationships.

The ELCA was formed in 1988 by the merger of three Lutheran organizations, and it has 10,500 churches in the United States, including 80 in the Washington area. It is generally considered the least conservative of the three major present-day Lutheran denominations, although it has a sizable conservative minority.

Orchid Heads Scramble Over Rare Flower in Nassawango Nature Preserve

By Brigid Schulte
Washington Post Staff Writer
Saturday, August 22, 2009

Joe Fehrer, manager of Nassawango Nature Preserve on Maryland's Eastern Shore, has set the rules: No photos of the horizon or any landscape feature that might identify this place. No naming the back road that leads here.

The obsessive cone of silence around this precise location has nothing to do with nuclear codes or terrorist cells. The mission here is to protect a flower. An orchid. Arguably the one flower on Earth known to drive mere mortals nearly mad with desire, sending them deep into mosquito-infested bogs like this one, in search of ever rarer, more exotic, mysterious and wild species.

Fehrer's job is to stay one step ahead of the orchid thief.

The flower Fehrer is defending is Platanthera x canbyi, or Canby's bog orchid, a rare hybrid born of two rare parent orchids. This flower hasn't been seen in Maryland in almost 20 years. Fehrer would much rather that the rest of the world take it on faith that this fragile and rare orchid has reappeared on the Eastern Shore. To believe without seeing. He is taking a reporter to see the orchid only reluctantly, he says, running the risk that the crazy "orchid heads" will sneak out here, trample the delicate habitat or, worse, haul out a garden trowel, dig up the precious hybrid and steal it away to become a prized possession in some private collection rather than the start of a fledgling colony in the wild.

"They come here and search out rare orchids for their own gratification and remove them," he said. "Which makes them all the more rare. We need to be careful. Some of these folks are real sleuths."

Just past a clump of huckleberry bushes ripe with purple berries, Ron Wilson, a former high school science teacher-turned-professional botanist, held his bright yellow global positioning device close to his face, the better to read the plot points he recorded a few weeks ago when he discovered the hybrid.

"We're lost?" Fehrer asked.

"It's just I've got so many different overlapping plants," Wilson said. "I'm having trouble reading them all." He paused. "God, I might be stepping on it."

Fehrer jumped onto a tree stump.

Despite cajoling by the preserve's owner, the Nature Conservancy, Fehrer remained so conflicted about publicly announcing Wilson's find that the orchid went in and out of flower while he tried to make up his mind. Fehrer sent a few blunt e-mails of objection. Went on vacation. Thought it over. Finally, he relented, on condition that the exact location be kept secret.

"We had an ongoing discussion with a lot of back-and-forths," said Jon Schwedler, the conservancy's press person in Bethesda. "Everyone invoked the character out of the movie, 'Adaptation,' the orchid thief." (The 2002 movie, based on the book "The Orchid Thief," told the story of one man's obsession with finding the elusive ghost orchid.)

But in an era when urbanized and video-game-addled children suffer "nature deficit disorder" and winning public support for preserving wild lands is a challenge, news of a mysterious rare orchid, like a photo of a majestic bald eagle or a cuddly endangered polar cub, can be a big boost for conservationists.

Still, by the time Schwedler sent out a news release this month, the hybrid orchid's showy yellow flowers had withered and gone to seed. That made Fehrer happy at the time but now makes it close to impossible to find the orchid in this 25-acre swath of boggy greenery.

"I think it's somewhere over by this colicroot," said Wilson, trudging head down, his white knee socks pulled up over his khaki pants to prevent ticks and other insects from feasting on his legs.

The reason rare orchids and grasses are popping up all over this bog is fire. In May, the Nature Conservancy set the whole area ablaze. The controlled burn of what had once been a timber plantation of loblolly pines was designed to mimic the natural cycle of flood or fire that encroaching civilization has thrown out of kilter.

The burn created a wide, open, sunny habitat, bringing to life seeds that had been dormant in the soil for years.

Almost immediately after news of the find broke, Fehrer's phone started ringing. The orchid heads were on the hunt. They just wanted to see it, maybe take a picture, they pleaded. Please, could he just tell them the general area? Fehrer said he was busy, couldn't help them. He hung up.

A helicopter churned by overhead, low.

"Look! That could be an orchid hunter right now!" Wilson said.

"I'm not that paranoid," Fehrer replied.

What Fehrer at this moment does not know is that the orchid heads have already found this rare hybrid, blogging and obsessing about it for days on e-mail lists and in Internet chat rooms. They've even posted a photo that a local orchid head took on a surreptitious visit to the bog.

Paul Martin Brown, who has written books on some of the 268 species of orchids native to the United States, saw the picture online. "It was a beautiful individual," he said. "If I wanted to go see it and no one would tell me where it was, it wouldn't be that hard to figure out."

In the hierarchy of orchids, Canby's bog orchid isn't all that special. Not like the rarely seen ghost orchid or any number of the 35,000 tropical orchid species that can only live in one very specific place, growing in one particular fungus and sometimes pollinated by only one insect on Earth.

But the bog orchid's parents, the white-fringed orchid (Platanthera blephariglottis) and the crested yellow orchid (Platanthera cristata), are both rare in Maryland. Each requires slightly different habitats. And each is pollinated by a different kind of moth. They are not rare in other states, such as Texas. What got orchid heads buzzing was that the hybrid was found in Maryland, where it hadn't been seen in decades.

"It's the rarity factor," said Scott Stewart, a professor of horticulture and a self-described orchid head. "When you find one, it's a little like stumbling across a diamond."

Like Fehrer and Wilson, orchid heads can be secretive about their finds. "The vast majority of us just want to see it," Stewart said. "Say they've seen it and check it off their 'life list' of orchids they want to view. But there is an extreme element. They want to dig it up and put it in their own personal collection, even if it's illegal. Just to have the satisfaction of knowing that they have it and no one else does fulfills something in their psyche."

The sky began to cloud over. Sweat broke through Wilson's gray T-shirt as he squatted close to the ground in search of the plant. Suddenly, he stopped.

"Oh my God!" He leaned down and peeked at two thin, unremarkable green stalks with a single slender leaf, no more than about eight inches high. A deer had most likely come along and chomped the flower and most of the rest of the rare Canby's bog orchid for lunch.

"If I found this today, I wouldn't know it's the hybrid," Wilson said, shaking his head. "I'd probably have to do DNA analysis."

Joe Fehrer leaned back on his heels and smiled. His secret was safe.

CIA Used Gun, Drill in Interrogation of Alleged Cole Mastermind

By Joby Warrick and R. Jeffrey Smith
Washington Post Staff Writers
Saturday, August 22, 2009

CIA interrogators used a handgun and an electric drill to try to frighten a captured al-Qaeda commander into giving up information, according to a long-concealed agency report due to be made public next week, former and current U.S. officials who have read the document said Friday.

The tactics -- which one official described Friday as a threatened execution -- were used on Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, according to the CIA's inspector general's report on the agency's interrogation program. Nashiri, who was captured in November 2002 and held for four years in one of the CIA's "black site" prisons, ultimately became one of three al-Qaeda chieftains subjected to a form of simulated drowning known as waterboarding.

The report also says that a mock execution was staged in a room next to one terrorism suspect, according to Newsweek magazine, citing two sources for its information. The magazine was the first to publish details from the report, which it did on its Web site late Friday.

A federal judge in New York has ordered a redacted version of the classified IG report to be publicly released Monday, in response to a lawsuit by the American Civil Liberties Union. Since June, lawyers for the Justice Department and the CIA have been scrutinizing the document to determine how much of it can be made public. Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. has been weighing the report's findings as part of a broader probe into the CIA's use of harsh interrogation methods.

The IG's report, written in 2004, offers new details about Nashiri's interrogation, including the incidents in which the detainee reportedly was threatened with death or grave injury if he refused to cooperate, one current and one former U.S. official told The Post. Both officials have seen classified versions of the report.

In one instance, an interrogator showed Nashiri a gun and sought to frighten the detainee into thinking he would be shot, the sources said. In a separate encounter, a power drill was held near Nashiri's body and repeatedly turned on and off, said the officials, who spoke about the report on the condition of anonymity because it remains classified.

The federal torture statute prohibits a U.S. national from threatening anyone in his or her custody with imminent death.

Three months before Nashiri's capture, the head of the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel -- Jay S. Bybee, now a federal judge -- advised the CIA in an August 2002 memo that threats of "imminent death" were not illegal unless they deliberately produced prolonged mental harm. Independent legal experts have called that interpretation too hedged and thus too lax.

The CIA declined late Friday to comment on the contents of the report, but an agency spokesman noted that all the incidents described in the document have been reviewed in detail by government prosecutors.

"The CIA in no way endorsed behavior -- no matter how infrequent -- that went beyond formal guidance," said the spokesman, Paul Gimigliano. "This has all been looked at; professionals in the Department of Justice decided if and when to pursue prosecution. That's how the system was supposed to work, and that's how it did work."

Nashiri, who remains in U.S. custody at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, was the alleged mastermind of the 1999 bombing of the USS Cole, which killed 17 American sailors and nearly sank the vessel. Before his capture by CIA officers, he allegedly headed al-Qaeda's operations in the Persian Gulf, and he was the most senior member of the terrorist organization in U.S. custody at the time of his arrest.

The IG's report is the most comprehensive, contemporaneous review of the secret CIA interrogation program, which ran from early 2002 until September 2006. Controversial within the spy agency, it criticized the CIA's use of coercive interrogation methods, warning that several likely violated international bans on cruel and inhumane treatment.

A third former U.S. official who has read the full, classified report said that it contained an entire section listing ways in which the CIA and contracted interrogators had "gone beyond what they were authorized to do -- a whole variety of deviations." The official said that what struck him most strongly was that the report suggested these techniques were "really not effective."

He said he concluded that "there has to be a better way to do this" but that the CIA resisted suggestions then that it should back away from the program. Asked why, the official said he could not say for sure, but he added that "maybe it was that if you change, then it means you were wrong" in pursuing the harsh interrogation methods in the first place.

A former senior agency official, intimately familiar with the program and the report, said that individual interrogators who strayed outside the agency's guidelines were promptly disciplined, and that, in some instances, their cases were referred to Justice Department prosecutors.

"Any infractions of the rules were met with anger at CIA because we realized this was a program that had to stay meticulously within the guidelines," the official said. He noted that after the IG's report was completed in 2004, the document was reviewed by administration and congressional officials, who allowed the program to continue despite its flaws.

"A reaffirmation of both administration policy and [Justice] legal authorization was sought and eventually received," the official said.

Mosques in Va. Turn to Synagogues, Meeting Halls to Accommodate Congregations

By William Wan
Washington Post Staff Writer
Saturday, August 22, 2009

They stream in through the doors every Friday -- a sea of Muslims pouring into a synagogue in Reston.

The men roll out long prayer rugs on the synagogue floor. An imam stands up front and praises Allah. And as the faithful begin whispering their prayers in flowing Arabic, their landlord, a rabbi, walks by to check whether they need anything.

This unlikely arrangement between a burgeoning Muslim congregation and a suburban synagogue is what happens when you combine the region's rapidly growing Muslim population with a serious shortage of worship space.

As area mosques prepare for the start of Ramadan this weekend, many are simply bursting at the seams. Every available inch -- even in lobbies and hallways -- is being used. Parking is impossible. Traffic afterward is worse than postgame gridlock at FedEx Field.

Nobody knows how many Muslims are in America -- estimates range from 2.35 million to 7 million -- but researchers say the population is growing rapidly, driven by conversions, immigration and the tendency for Muslims to have larger families. One study by Trinity College in Connecticut shows the percentage nationwide having doubled since 1990. In the Washington area, the increase might be even sharper, local Muslim leaders say.

A building boom has brought new mosques to suburbs such as Manassas and Ellicott City, but many have been full from the moment they opened. So, desperate for room, Muslim communities have started renting hotel ballrooms, office space and, yes, even synagogues to handle the overflow.

"We say our prayers, and a few hours later they meet for Sabbath and they say their prayers," said Rizwan Jaka, a leader at the All Dulles Area Muslim Society (ADAMS) mosque in Sterling, which added services at two synagogues last year. "People may think it's strange or odd, but we are simply grateful for the space."

The extra room will prove crucial this weekend with the beginning of Ramadan -- a month of fasting that often draws hundreds to mosques in addition to regular members. Anticipating the throngs, many mosques have hired off-duty police and rallied volunteers to handle the traffic.

"Just like you have Easter Christians, Hanukkah Jews, we have what we call Ramadan Muslims. They just come out of the woodwork on the holy days," said Imam Johari Abdul-Malik, outreach director at the Dar Al-Hijrah mosque in Falls Church.

Last year at the height of Ramadan, Abdul-Malik had to turn many away to avoid violating occupancy rules, which limit his mosque to 2,000 worshipers. When asked how many he expects this year, the imam chooses his words carefully: "I'd rather not say because of the fire marshal."

Things weren't always so tight.

The ADAMS mosque -- which now rents space in two hotels and a wedding hall along with the two synagogues -- began in 1985 in a Herndon school cafeteria with a handful of Muslims. But since 2000, its numbers have swelled from 300 people to 4,000 attending services throughout Northern Virginia on Friday afternoons, a sacred time for prayer and sermons.

At first, leaders tried adding two Friday prayer times at the Sterling mosque. Then they created overflow rooms upstairs and downstairs. They designated choice parking spots "HOV-only" to encourage carpooling, expanded the parking lot and constructed a second entrance.

But none of it was enough.

As they looked for a place to expand in Reston, members of Northern Virginia Hebrew Congregation learned of their plight. Although some in the congregation had reservations about leasing space for Islamic services, longtime members recalled that a Catholic church opened its doors to them years before they had built their synagogue. Their rabbi weighed in with biblical support.

"The prophet Isaiah said our houses would be houses of prayer for all people," said Rabbi Robert Nosanchuk. "Now, I don't know if Isaiah could have imagined us hosting Ramadan in the synagogue, but the basic idea is there."

It turned out to be relatively easy. Their new Muslims friends didn't need much: wide-open space, carpet to cushion the floor and a place for their shoes. The synagogue's social hall suited them perfectly.

The arrangement has led to the unexpected benefit of cultural exchange. There have been pulpit swaps, with the imam and rabbi preaching to each other's congregation and interfaith visits as well.

David Fram, 72, who sings in the synagogue's choir, was recently invited to the Sterling mosque for daily prayers. It was an amazing, if somewhat awkward, experience. "I didn't know quite what to do; there was a lot of bending and kneeling in their prayers," he said.

Standing quietly in the back of the prayer hall, Fram decided to simply bow his head in reverence. He ate lunch ("some kind of spicy meat and rice") afterward. And a few weeks later, he found himself at Barnes & Noble buying a Koran, out of curiosity.

"It's not like the U.N. here. We're not looking to draft some final settlement agreement between Israel and Palestine," Nosanchuk said. "But we're learning from each other, and we're trying to give them the space they need and make them feel at home."

ADAMS and other congregations are unlikely to solve their space problems anytime soon because of the long lag time usually required for new mosques. Because the Koran prohibits borrowing money at interest, congregations don't use bank loans for construction. Instead, they fundraise over many years and then pay in cash.

The process can be excruciating.

It took Muslims in Prince William County 10 years before they accumulated enough money for a new home. While they waited, they crammed into a one-story house off Route 234. Each week, they somehow fit 50 cars into a space meant for 20. When services got too full, people knelt outside and prayed on the grass.

Women working minimum-wage jobs donated their family's jewelry to the new-mosque fund. When construction finally began in 2004, families often drove out to the site just to watch and dream about a future of plentiful parking and prayer space.

But it wasn't meant to be.

Almost as soon as the new mosque, Dar Al-Noor, opened three years ago during Ramadan, the building was packed with 1,200 people. So this year throughout Ramadan, members will continue praying and fundraising for further expansion, said the community's president, Mohammad Mehboob.

"We are a community with many people but not so much money," Mehboob said. "But Allah has always provided for us. It's amazing we have this mosque now, and, inshallah, we will continue to build and grow."

Staff researcher Meg Smith contributed to this report

Aug 21, 2009

Charities fear fall in giving this Ramadan

Friday, August 21, 2009
Jeff Diamant
STAR-LEDGER STAFF

Yousef Abdallah's annual Ramadan duties promise to be tougher than usual this year.

The Islamic holy month is expected to start tonight, so the Northeast operations manager for Islamic Relief USA, one of the nation's largest Islamic charities, and his staff are preparing to travel from his office on Route 46 in Totowa to about 80 mosques across the region, seeking donations.

But Abdallah knows the down economy means people have less money to give this year. He also knows that many Muslims already donated to Islamic Relief in 2009, during fundraising campaigns targeted to help people in the Gaza Strip and Pakistan, and therefore might donate less this month than they did last year.

Still, charitable giving is an essential component of Ramadan, and, nationally, Islamic Relief typically receives about 25 percent of its annual donations during Ramadan, the ninth month on the Islamic calendar.

Abdallah doesn't expect his office, one of three around the country for Islamic Relief, to match the $1.1 million it received from northeastern mosques during Ramadan 2007, or the $1 million during Ramadan 2008, but he hopes to raise about $930,000.

"People really trust this organization," he said. "They see the work that we do. We work in their home countries. When they go back to their countries in summer, they see our signs all over the place. I hear that all the time: "I went to your country and people were talking about you.'"

Nationally, the charity collected about $25 million in cash last year, up from about $7 million in 2001, plus about $50 million in in-kind donations. It has received the coveted four-star rating by the watchdog group Charity Navigator for six years in a row, winning praise for transparency. And it is part of the Combined Federal Campaign, in which federal employees can donate directly from their paychecks.

Among other reasons for the increased donations, group officials say, is that several other charities that once served the American Muslim community have been shuttered due to federal investigations.

Muslim groups and the American Civil Liberties Union have criticized seizures of assets that have often accompanied these investigations, contending they have effectively shut the charities down without due process. Earlier this week, a federal court in Ohio ruled the U.S. Treasury Department should not have frozen assets of a charity in 2003, KindHearts for Charitable Humanitarian Development, without first obtaining a probable cause warrant.

Islamic Relief, which was founded in 1984, did see changes in donor habits after investigations of other charities were made public starting shortly after 9/11, Abdallah said.

"People were afraid, period," said Abdallah, a resident of Fairview. "They're afraid because after 9/11, people who gave charity were targeted, were called by the FBI. Once you hear that something happened to someone, you're scared. People refused to give by check or credit card."

That has largely changed, he said, as Muslims have become increasingly comfortable over the last few years donating to Islamic Relief through checks and credit cards.

As the organization's reputation has widened, its partners have included the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which worked with Islamic Relief to donate nearly $40 million in aid to victims of the tsunami that hit Southeast Asia in 2004, said Mustafa Mahboob, communications manager for Islamic Relief USA, which is based in Buena Park, Cal.

Islamic Relief's website also has a calculator that helps Muslim families decide how much to give year-round. Muslims are expected to donate 2.5 percent of most of their assets, though the rate can vary.

Besides increasing charitable giving, or zakat, during Ramadan, Muslims fast during daylight hours throughout the month. That fasting is one of Islam's five "pillars of faith." Many also gather for recitations of the Quran, which they believe was revealed to Mohammed 14 centuries ago during the holy month.

This month, Abdallah and his staff will be raising money to feed people in Africa, to finance water projects in Africa and Pakistan, to sponsor families in the Gaza Strip, to help war-torn residents in northern Pakistan, and to help orphans in Chechnya.

In New Jersey, they will visit mosques in Union City, Boonton, Toms River, Basking Ridge, and Paterson, among other cities.

Islamic Relief's reputation precedes it, but charities that are less well known often struggle to raise money at mosques if their concerns are national or international rather than local, said Sohail Mohammed, a Muslim lawyer in Clifton who is active in interreligous affairs in New Jersey.

"Most people say, "I want to give to something local that I know, or something humanitarian,'" he said.

"What I have seen during Ramadan is, when someone comes in with a project saying, "There's a hungry child around here,' or a human rights project to feed the hungry, or a social work project, those are the ones most people are giving their money to, rather than an organization saying "We need such and such ambulance in such and such country.'"¦ People are saying, "We don't know your organization, you're just coming to collect."

And even Islamic Relief is shut out sometimes.

"A masjid (mosque) is Jersey City called and said they're in crisis and that we shouldn't come this Ramadan," Abdallah said. "They need to raise money for themselves."

Malaysia urged against caning beer-drinking model

KUALA LUMPUR — Human rights group Amnesty International on Friday urged Malaysia not to cane a Muslim model for drinking beer and to abolish the "cruel and degrading punishment".

Kartika Sari Dewi Shukarno, 32, was sentenced to a caning and a fine of 5,000 ringgit (1,400 dollars) last month after she pleaded guilty to drinking alcohol at a hotel nightclub in the eastern state of Pahang last year.

She is expected to be caned six times next week and appealed Thursday for her punishment to be carried out in public to deter other Muslims.

But Amnesty said Malaysian authorities should "immediately revoke the sentence to cane her and abolish the practice of caning altogether."

"Caning is a form of cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment and is prohibited under international human rights law," it said in a statement.

Kartika, a mother of two, who lives in neighbouring Singapore, will be the first woman in the multicultural country to be caned under Islamic law, with the punishment set to be meted out in a female prison.

Malaysia, which has large Chinese and Indian minorities, has a dual-track legal system and sharia courts can try Muslims for religious offences.

Amnesty also said that caning was used as a supplementary punishment for at least 40 crimes in Malaysia.

At least 34,923 migrants mainly from Southeast East Asian countries have so far been caned between 2002 and 2008 for immigration offences, it said, citing prison department records.

Tunisia continues to violate human rights in name of security: report

Amelia Mathias at 1:50 PM ET

JURIST] Tunisia continues to commit hundreds of human rights abuses [press release] despite previous vows to cease, according to a report [text, PDF] published Thursday by Amnesty International (AI) [advocacy website]. The report details the arrest, torture, and detention of prisoners in the name of national security, and even the kidnapping and forced return of Tunisians living abroad. The report urges Tunisian authorities to:

ensure that all allegations of torture and other ill-treatment are promptly, fully and independently investigated, with the outcome made public and officials responsible for torture or other serious abuses being held accountable and prosecuted before the courts, in conformity with international law.

The report also calls for the other governments not to return Tunisians to their native country where they are at risk of torture, specifically referring to the US rendition of Guantanamo Bay [JURIST news archive] detainees.

This report is not AI's first accusation against Tunisia. In June 2008, the group released a report [text] accusing Tunisia of committing widespread human rights abuses under overly-broad anti-terrorism legislation. AI also criticized the US, as well as European and other Arab countries, for turning over terror suspects to Tunisian authorities [JURIST report] despite allegations of torture and other abuses. In February, the European Court of Human Rights ruled against the deportation [text] of a former Tunisian terrorism suspect, finding he would likely be subjected to torture [JURIST report] in violation of Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights [PDF text] if returned to Tunisia. In September 2007, Human Rights Watch released a report [text] accusing Tunisian officials of mistreating two former Guantanamo detainees [JURIST report] after they were returned to the country.

Chinese workers use Internet for shoptalk

Online forums have become the Chinese proletariat's equivalent of Facebook or Twitter. And the conversations on those channels are seen by some as the faint beginnings of a labor movement.

By David Pierson

August 21, 2009

Reporting from Shenzhen, China

When Jiang Dabao lost his right hand to a molding machine three years ago, his factory boss said he wasn't eligible for workers' compensation. Unemployable, Jiang whiled away his days in the Internet bars that thrive here in China's manufacturing heartland.

Eventually he tapped into an online forum on QQ, a popular social networking service, where he found a workers advocacy group that helped him win a $30,000 settlement.

"Before I got hurt, I had no idea how to use a computer or even the Internet," said Jiang, who identified himself by his childhood nickname for fear of official reprisal.

Forums such as the one used by Jiang have become the Chinese proletariat's equivalent of Facebook or Twitter. And the conversations taking place on those channels are seen by some as the faint beginnings of a labor movement, and one that might have muscle.

Authorities and factory owners are eyeing the networks warily. Sites dedicated to grievances have been shut down, and stories about worker demonstrations are regularly deleted, according to labor advocates.

Web administrators say they have been pressured by companies to remove sensitive posts. And QQ forums are capped at 100 users, making mass mobilization more difficult.

Still, the potential remains for groups to organize through social networking.

University students used the Internet last year to lead boycotts of French goods before the Olympic Games. Authorities also alleged that exiled separatists used the Internet to urge ethnic Uighurs to riot in China's western Xinjiang province last month; the government responded by cutting Web access in the region for days.

"When there's a crisis, it can be activated," said Jack Qiu, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong who follows the Internet in China. "Nobody can predict when the Chinese working class will have uproar. It may be once in a lifetime, but if it happens, it will change everything."

Until only a few years ago, factory workers were left out of the Internet boom. But that all changed with the explosion of Internet cafes and cheap cellphones that enabled users to go online, mostly to use their QQ accounts.

"We can communicate with more people so much easier," said Viviana Ding, a 25-year-old employee at a Shenzhen glass factory. "Before, all we could do was talk to one person on our cellphones."

Unlike Facebook or Twitter, which have been blocked by censors in China for months, the worker sites use Chinese interfaces and are simple to master.

The allure of these new communication tools is apparent on the outskirts of Shenzhen. Beyond the gates of one of the world's largest electronics factories, operated by Foxconn Technology Group, are countless cellphone stores, manyblasting dance music in hopes of attracting the swarms of young workers milling outside.

On the ground floors of densely packed apartment buildings are dimly lighted Internet bars, where off-duty workers wearing headsets pound away at keyboards, playing games and chatting with friends for about 40 cents an hour.

In Longhua, just north of Shenzhen's city center and minutes from Hong Kong, the Foxconn workers are easily identified by their polo shirts and company badges. College educated, they work in offices or have skilled assembly line jobs, either way with long hours and lackluster pay.

Zeng Zhaolue used to work for Foxconn until he quit a year ago to open a bar near the factory. Four years ago, he established www.foxlife.cn, a bulletin board frequented by about 65,000 Foxconn employees. He had less than half that many users only two years ago.

The site offers snapshots into the daily lives of Foxconn workers, from petty complaints about colleagues showing off pricey cellphones to photos of trash piling up outside a worker dormitory.

But there are also lists of unreported accidents, and sharp jabs at supervisors of the Taiwanese company.

"I am working at Foxconn now and there are many dark sides," someone named Szsky wrote recently. "Everything here is decided by the Taiwanese. Even if they fart we have to say it's fragrant."

Then there was the suicide of Sun Danyong.

The 25-year-old migrant jumped off his 12-story apartment building this summer after being accused of losing a top-secret prototype of Apple Inc.'s next-generation iPhone.

Foxconn is a major manufacturer of Apple products, and days before Sun's death was publicly reported, factory employees were logging on to Foxlife and posting gossip.

"The Apple orders for that section were up," one message said. "I hope he didn't do it because of work pressure."

Foxconn did not respond to requests for an interview.

Discussions about factory suicides also percolated on www.hwzte.com, a shared forum for workers of telecom giants Huawei Technologies Co. and ZTE Corp.

Zeng said his forum was independent of the company, though he knows Foxconn officials monitor the site. Two years ago, he said, a manager contacted him and asked him to remove photographs of employees sleeping in a mailroom. Zeng complied.

"There are better places to deal with grievances than my website," said Zeng, 29. "I have to have a sense of how much [criticism] can be allowed."

Another site aimed at workers is www.zggr.cn, an acronym for "Chinese worker." The leftist website aggregates news stories about worker strife and dedicates a section to zibenjia, a revolutionary term for capitalists.

More than 1,000 news posts are added each month, mostly sent in by employees of state-owned factories whose lives have been upended by the march toward privatization.

"Mainstream [Chinese] media can't publish these stories, and many Web portals delete them," said Yan Yuanzhang, the site's founder.

Yan straddles a fine line. Three years ago, he had similar websites shut down by officials. He said his forum must appear dedicated to "research" to skirt the censors.

At the same time, Yan said he was never told to remove user comments about an executive beaten to death by workers at Tonghua Iron & Steel Group in northern China this summer. The workers were protesting the sale of their mill to a private company. The postings, in essence, said the boss had it coming.

The only explanation Yan could surmise was that officials couldn't block everything, and that letting workers blow off steam on the Internet was far more preferable than having them demonstrate on the streets.

As for the Tonghua steel factory? Officials reversed course and blocked the sale.

david.pierson@latimes.com

Tommy Yang in The Times' Beijing bureau contributed to this report.